翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Collective Eye Films ・ Collective farming ・ Collective for Living Cinema ・ Collective for Research and Training on Development-Action ・ Collective Hardware ・ Collective identity ・ Collective impact ・ Collective Induction ・ Collective intelligence ・ Collective intentionality ・ Collective Invention ・ Collective Labor Movement ・ Collective laissez faire ・ Collective landscape ・ Collective leadership ・ Collective leadership in the Soviet Union ・ Collective Letter of the Spanish Bishops, 1937 ・ Collective Man ・ Collective memory ・ Collective mental state ・ Collective motion ・ Collective narcissism ・ Collective network ・ Collective noun ・ Collective of Democratic Mass Organizations and Political Parties ・ Collective operation ・ Collective Opposed to Police Brutality ・ Collective Optimization Database ・ Collective protection ・ Collective punishment Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Collective leadership in the Soviet Union ： ウィキペディア英語版 Collective leadership in the Soviet Union Collective leadership ((ロシア語:коллективное руководство, ''kollektivnoye rukovodstvo'')) or Collectivity of leadership ((ロシア語:коллективность руководства, ''kollektivnost rukovodstva'')), was considered an ideal form of governance in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and other socialist states espousing communism. Its main task was to distribute powers and functions among the Politburo, the Central Committee, and the Council of Ministers to hinder any attempts to create a one-man dominance over the Soviet political system by a Soviet leader, such as that seen under Joseph Stalin's rule. On the national level, the heart of the collective leadership was officially the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Collective leadership is characterised by limiting the powers of the General Secretary and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers as related to other offices by enhancing the powers of collective bodies, such as the Politburo. Vladimir Lenin was, according to Soviet literature, the perfect example of a leader ruling in favour of the collective. Stalin's rule was characterised by one-man dominance, which was a deep breach of inner-party democracy and collective leadership; this made his leadership highly controversial in the Soviet Union following his death in 1953. At the 20th Party Congress, Stalin's reign was criticised as the "cult of the individual". Nikita Khrushchev, Stalin's successor, supported the ideal of collective leadership but only ruled in a collective fashion when it suited him. In 1964, Khrushchev was ousted due to his disregard of collective leadership and was replaced in his posts by Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and by Alexei Kosygin as Premier. Collective leadership was strengthened during the Brezhnev years and the later reigns of Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko. Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms helped spawn factionalism within the Soviet leadership, and members of Gorbachev's faction openly disagreed with him on key issues. The factions usually disagreed on how little or how much reform was needed to rejuvenate the Soviet system. ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Collective leadership in the Soviet Union」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.